Chloride equilibrium potential in salamander cones

Abstract Background GABAergic inhibition and effects of intracellular chloride ions on calcium channel activity have been proposed to regulate neurotransmission from photoreceptors.To assess the impact of these and other chloride-dependent mechanisms on release from cones, the chloride equilibrium potential (ECl) was determined in red-sensitive, la

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Freedom to Move: Free Lactation Pens Improve Sow Welfare

Farrowing crates present a major animal welfare problem.This study investigated the effects of temporary confinement at farrowing on sow welfare and aimed to determine whether this type of system could improve sow welfare through increased freedom of movement.Sows were housed in one Gonk of two farrowing accommodation treatments: conventional farro

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Internal Decoupling in Nonlinear Process Control

A simple method has been investigated for the total or partial removal of the effect of non-linear process phenomena in multi-variable feedback control systems.The method is Fruit Spread based upon computing the control variables which will drive the process at desired rates.It is shown that the effect of model errors in the linearization All round

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